\u015eu insan denilen varl\u0131k, bir alem! Hi\u00e7 bir konuda yetinmek nedir, bilmiyor. Hep daha \u00e7ok, daha \u00e7ok edinmek, daha \u00e7ok bilmek\u2026 istiyor. Peki, herkes mi b\u00f6yle? Yok can\u0131m, insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu bilme isteklerini ilk \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda z\u0131r cahil b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin \u00f6nlerine koyduklar\u0131 ezberlerle, engellerle t\u00fcmden yitiriyorlar. B\u00f6ylece sureta insan olarak kalanlar, \u00f6nlerine konulan engelleri a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak yerine, her \u015feyin nedenini, nas\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya, anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 kendilerine can d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 say\u0131yor, bin t\u00fcrl\u00fc sald\u0131r\u0131yla, \u00e7amur atmayla kendileri gibi karanl\u0131kta tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Aforoz ediyorlar, d\u0131\u015fl\u0131yorlar, i\u015fsiz b\u0131rak\u0131yorlar, daha olmazsa ate\u015fe veriyorlar\u2026<\/p>\n
Ne var ki karanl\u0131k yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn zul\u00fcm ve vah\u015fetlerine kar\u015f\u0131n, bilme, anlama meraklar\u0131n\u0131 yok edilemeyen az say\u0131da ger\u00e7ekten insanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f insanlar da yollar\u0131ndan asla d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemiyorlar.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte kendilerini bilime adam\u0131\u015f az say\u0131daki \u00fcst\u00fcn cesaret ve \u00fcst\u00fcn zek\u00e2 sahibi b\u00f6yle insanlar\u0131n bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 sayesindedir ki, insanl\u0131k, bug\u00fcn bir yandan gen m\u00fchendisli\u011fiyle canl\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131n t\u00fcrsel ge\u00e7mi\u015flerini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki hallerinden \u00fc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk milyar y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine, tek h\u00fccreli ilk canl\u0131ya kadar geriye giderek inceleyip canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n var olu\u015f ve t\u00fcrle\u015fme ser\u00fcvenini saptar ve genlere insanl\u0131k yarar\u0131na olaca\u011f\u0131 umuduyla m\u00fcdahale etme g\u00fcnce ula\u015f\u0131rken \u00f6te yandan da uzayda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6zlemlerle i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz evrenin yakla\u015f\u0131k on d\u00f6rt bu\u00e7uk milyar y\u0131l \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen b\u00fcy\u00fck patlamayla \u015fimdiki ser\u00fcvenine ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck patlaman\u0131n ilk an\u0131nda hidrojen elementinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hidrojeni helyumun izledi\u011fini, s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde \u015fimdilik bilindi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla element \u00e7e\u015fidinin 118\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, elementlerin yer yer k\u00fcmelenerek birbirleriyle ya da ba\u011f kurabildikleri ba\u015fka elementlerle birle\u015ferek molek\u00fclleri, molek\u00fcllerin birle\u015fip yo\u011funla\u015farak g\u00f6k cisimlerini olu\u015fturdu\u011funu, bu cisimlerin, \u00e7evrelerindeki daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olu\u015fumlar\u0131 \u00e7ekim g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle kendi k\u00fctlelerine katarak b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp devasa boyutlar kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, giderek uzay\u0131n milyarlarca galaksiyi kapsayan bir kozmolojik kaosa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bu galaksilerden birinin de D\u00fcnya\u2019m\u0131z\u0131n da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu Samanyolu galaksisi oldu\u011funu belirlemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Bilim insanlar\u0131, uzaya d\u00f6n\u00fck incelemelerinde G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019imizin Samanyolu galaksisindeki milyarlarca g\u00fcne\u015ften biri oldu\u011funu, D\u00fcnya\u2019m\u0131z\u0131n d\u00f6rt bu\u00e7uk milyar y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce so\u011fuyarak bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bi\u00e7imini almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, merkezindeki n\u00fckleer cehennemden kaynaklanan volkanik patlamalarla uzaya p\u00fcsk\u00fcren su buhar\u0131n\u0131n so\u011fuyarak ya\u011fmurlar \u015feklinde k\u0131zg\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bu s\u00fcrekli ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc yeterince so\u011futmas\u0131yla ya\u011fmur sular\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ukurlarda birikmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u00fcrecin zamanla bir yandan yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc denizlerle \u00f6rterken bir yandan da atmosferin t\u0131ka basa su buhar\u0131yla ve \u00e7e\u015fitli gazlarla dolmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yo\u011fun su buhar\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n so\u011fuyan yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131p eriterek denizleri say\u0131s\u0131z molek\u00fcllerle adeta bir molek\u00fcl \u00e7orbas\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, yine ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131z y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n o molek\u00fcllerin kimyasal yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak etkileyip de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini, \u00f6te yandan g\u00fcne\u015ften gelen ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir engelle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015farak y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlardan s\u00fcrekli olarak etkilenmi\u015f molek\u00fclleri par\u00e7alamaya devam etti\u011fini, bu karga\u015fa i\u00e7inde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden \u00fc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk milyar y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce, kimi molek\u00fcllerin tesad\u00fcfen ilkel h\u00fccrelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, b\u00f6ylece yer k\u00fcrede biyoloji biliminin (dirimbilimin) ve zamanla botanik biliminin, zoolojinin, biyokimyan\u0131n, biyofizik\u2019in ve daha bir\u00e7ok bilim dal\u0131n\u0131n konusunu olu\u015fturacak yepyeni bir s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mikroskobun bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n hizmetine girmesiyle dirimbilim h\u0131zla geli\u015fmi\u015f, canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nce \u00e7ekirdeksiz h\u00fccrelerin, sonra \u00e7ekirdekli h\u00fccrelerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde kimi h\u00fccrelerin birle\u015fmesiyle tek h\u00fccreli ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00e7ok h\u00fccreli ya\u015fama evrildi\u011fi, \u00e7ok h\u00fccreli ya\u015fam\u0131n denizlerden karalara da yay\u0131larak zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imler ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bitkisel ya da hayvansal \u00f6zellikler ve bi\u00e7imler geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi, denizlerden (su ortam\u0131ndan) sonra kara ortam\u0131nda ya da hem suda hem kara ortam\u0131nda (amfibianlar- \u00e7ift ya\u015faml\u0131lar) ya\u015fayabilen, belirli iklim ve beslenme ko\u015fullar\u0131nda h\u0131zla geli\u015fen, \u00e7o\u011falan kimi bitki ve hayvan t\u00fcrlerinin zamanla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan de\u011fi\u015fikliklere uyum sa\u011flayamama nedeniyle yok olup gitti\u011fi, uyum sa\u011flayabilenlerin ise varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebildikleri saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Yerk\u00fcrede belirli aral\u0131klarla ya\u015fanan buzul \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6kta\u015f\u0131 fel\u00e2ketlerinin kimi canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin t\u00fcmden yok olu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgiler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir yandan en geli\u015fmi\u015f teleskoplarla, \u00f6te yandan \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f elektron mikroskoplarla inceleyerek ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cvar olu\u015f \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d bing-bang\u2019dan t\u00fcreyen hidrojen atomuyla ba\u015flay\u0131p kesintisiz fizikokimyasal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle devam eden ve \u00fc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk milyar y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce tesad\u00fcfen, \u00e7ekirdeksiz tek h\u00fccre bi\u00e7iminde ba\u015flayan ve o g\u00fcnden bu yana s\u00fcr\u00fcp gelen varolu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131, o g\u00fcnden bu yana binlerce kez kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok olma tehlikelerine kar\u015f\u0131n denizlerin en derin \u00e7ukurlar\u0131ndan karalar\u0131n en y\u00fcksek noktalar\u0131na kadar gerek \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131na uyum sa\u011flayabildi\u011fi, gerekse \u00e7evrenin \u0131s\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve beslenme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 kendisine uydurabildi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcregelmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
Canl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar s\u00fcregeldi\u011finden, d\u00fcnyada halen var olan canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kesin bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylenemez. Ancak bilim insanlar\u0131 bu g\u00fcne dek yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.500.000 dolay\u0131nda t\u00fcrsel tan\u0131m\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tan\u0131m\u0131 hen\u00fcz yap\u0131lamayanlarla birlikte karada ve denizlerde bilinen 8.800.000 kadar canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011funun tahmin edildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemektedirler. Canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin, insan\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimyasal ve n\u00fckleer h\u0131zl\u0131 kirlenme nedeniyle ekolojik ortamlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zla yitirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131, bir yandan ozon tabakas\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla delinip yok olmas\u0131, bir yandan k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma nedeniyle buzul tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla erimesi sonucunda yok olma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 art\u0131k t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaca bilinen bir ger\u00e7ek. Ozon tabakas\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla incelmesinin ultraviyole
\nI\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131na maruz kalan insanlarda cilt kanserine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rlan\u0131rsa tehlikenin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belki daha kolay anla\u015f\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyadaki canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 inceleyen \u00e7e\u015fitli dirimbilimciler, bu incelemelerini pek \u00e7ok konuda \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmi\u015fler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla botanik, zooloji, anatomi, fizyoloji, embriyoloji, sitoloji, histoloji, genetik, molek\u00fcler biyoloji, ekoloji, taksonomi, mikrobiyoloji, parazitoloji, biyokimya, uzay biyolojisi, entomoloji, mikoloji ve taksonomi gibi dirimbilim alt dallar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Dirimbilimin alt dallar\u0131ndan biri olan taksonomi alan\u0131nda ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck bilim insan\u0131 olan Carl Von Linnaeus\u2019a ve onun izleyicisi olan di\u011fer bilim insanlar\u0131na ve bunlar aras\u0131nda yer alan, yurtta\u015f\u0131m\u0131z olmas\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck gurur duydu\u011fumuz Prof. Dr. Ali DEM\u0130RSOY\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u0130NSAN: HAYVANLAR ALEM\u0130N\u0130N < \u00c7OK H\u00dcCREL\u0130LER ALT ALEM\u0130N\u0130N < KORDATALILAR \u015eUBES\u0130N\u0130N < OMURGALILAR ALT \u015eUBES\u0130N\u0130N < MEMEL\u0130LER SINIFININ < PLASENTALI MEMEL\u0130LER ALT SINIFININ < PR\u0130MAT TAKIMININ < ANTHROPO\u0130DEA ALT TAKIMININ < HOM\u0130NO\u0130DEA \u00dcST A\u0130LES\u0130N\u0130N < HOM\u0130N\u0130DEA A\u0130LES\u0130N\u0130N < HOMO C\u0130NS\u0130N\u0130N < SAP\u0130ENS T\u00dcR\u00dcN\u00dcN < YA\u015eAYAN IRKLAR ALT T\u00dcR\u00dcNDE yer al\u0131r. \n Yukar\u0131da da de\u011finilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n\u0131n genetik yap\u0131s\u0131 geriye do\u011fru incelendi\u011finde k\u00f6ken olarak di\u011fer t\u00fcm canl\u0131larla, ortak ata olan tek h\u00fccreli ilk canl\u0131da bulu\u015ftu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, bitkilerle, hayvanlarla, bitki mi hayvan m\u0131 oldu\u011funa karar verilemeyen mikroskobik canl\u0131larla genetik ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, canl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri olarak di\u011ferlerinden \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck, onurluluk iddiam\u0131z\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc dayanaktan yoksun oldu\u011fu, savunma ve beslenme zorunlulu\u011fu olmad\u0131k\u00e7a hi\u00e7bir canl\u0131ya k\u0131ymam\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayan beyan ortadad\u0131r.\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u015eu insan denilen varl\u0131k, bir alem! Hi\u00e7 bir konuda yetinmek nedir, bilmiyor. Hep daha \u00e7ok, daha \u00e7ok edinmek, daha \u00e7ok bilmek\u2026 istiyor. Peki, herkes mi b\u00f6yle? Yok can\u0131m, insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu bilme isteklerini ilk \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda z\u0131r cahil b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin \u00f6nlerine koyduklar\u0131 ezberlerle, engellerle t\u00fcmden yitiriyorlar. B\u00f6ylece sureta insan olarak kalanlar, \u00f6nlerine konulan engelleri a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak yerine, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kocapinarnotlarim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1160"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kocapinarnotlarim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kocapinarnotlarim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kocapinarnotlarim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kocapinarnotlarim.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1160"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.kocapinarnotlarim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1191,"href":"https:\/\/www.kocapinarnotlarim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1160\/revisions\/1191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kocapinarnotlarim.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kocapinarnotlarim.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kocapinarnotlarim.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}